Socioeconomic And Social Class And Health - 1489 Words

This essay will discuss ways in which a person’s socioeconomic class and his/her social situation can have an impact on his/her health, using examples. We believe that there is a direct link between socioeconomic/social class and health (Adler et al. 1994). I will be defining the key terms: socioeconomic and health, social class then proceed to discuss about how poverty, income, employability, environment and housing can impact on a person’s social situation and their health. Socioeconomic status is a term used to weigh up a person’s/family social and economic standing. This status is determined by factors such as income, education, occupation and social environment (Leary, 2007). A person’s socioeconomic status can fluctuate over time depending on the person improving their life choices or by making poor life choices. The World Health Organisation defined health: â€Å"State of complete physical and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity† (WHO, 1946 p.100). Many factors influence health such as family traits, behaviours, access to quality healthcare and environment (quality of air, bad/good water and housing conditions) (WHO, 1946). The holistic view of health combines the mind (mental), body (physical), emotional and spiritual elements to a person (Ewes Simnett, 2003). British society is split into hierarchical categories with â€Å"higher† â€Å"middle† and â€Å"lower working† class. The British class structure is shaped like a pyramid cut into threeShow MoreRelatedSocial Class And Its Effects On Health1336 Words   |  6 PagesAll over the world status hierarchy and social class are a common concept of how well we live our lives, however they affect our lives more than we think. Social class can affect many things such as education, opportunities presented to us, economic factors, and even our health. Recently socioeconomic status effects on health has become a more popular topic of discussion but is nothing new to researchers. â€Å"Research on socioeconomic inequalities in health in the UK has a long history. In the earlyRead MoreSocioeconomic Inequality Of The United States882 Words   |  4 PagesThose who live in poverty experience worse health care, education, social status, and wages than the upper class. I believe socioeconomic status serves a large role in whether an individual is likely to experience poor health. Policies that increase unemployment insurance or allocate for equal distribution of wealth and opportunity are viable solutions to socioeconomic inequality (Babones 2010:141). The social conflict theory best explains the socioeconomic inequality in the United States and helpsRead MoreThe Top On America Isn t Just Better, It s Longer News Article764 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual’s socioeconomic status. As we have learned and discussed in Chapter three of the text, socioeconomic status (or social class) is an individual’s or group’s standing within a ranked social structure. This socioeconomic status is typically determined by three main variables such as income, occupational prestige, and education. Different models of the social class ladder exist. The five-class model used in the United States is as follows: upper class, upper-middle class, lower-middle cl ass, workingRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health And Health898 Words   |  4 PagesMental health outcomes vary differently by socioeconomic location for women and men. It is important to critically analyze the various social locations that low-income women living with mental health concerns are currently occupying. These women are occupying these social locations because of the structural inequities that they encounter in relation to their experiences with the social determinants of health. Explanatory frameworks are used to illustrate the relationship between the social determinantsRead MoreEffects Of Low Socioeconomic Status On Mental Health1440 Words   |  6 Pageslinked socioeconomic status to mental health, especially in children and adolescents. Low poverty levels have been specifically identified as a key causal factor in developing mental health problems in children. There has been much discussion over the different theories as to why this is the case, but only two of these theories seem to hold a lot of evidence. Certain interventions and preventative measures can be employed in order to improve an individual’s mental health by altering socioeconomic statusRead MoreThe Conflict And Functionalist Theories Behind Social Class1496 Words   |  6 Pagesmaterializes the upper class, vulgarizes our middle class, brutalizes our lower class. In Australia, social class is a widely recognised concept, however some individuals, particularly the wealthy people, will argue that social class in non existent, that with hard work anyone can achieve, what they set their mind onto. The social stratification system, is based on objective criteria, including wealth, power, and prestige. The Australian notion of equal opportunity, insinuates that social class does not affectRead MoreSocial Inequality1011 Words   |  5 PagesSection I - Dimensions of Social Inequality Begin by identifying yourself on the dimensions commonly associated with social inequalities: social class (income, wealth, (current and intended) education level, occupational prestige (associated with current or planned career), race, ethnicity, and gender. In addition, you might also identify yourself on dimensions associated with less traditional inequalities, such as national origin,, sexual identity or preference, age, weight, able-bodiedness, andRead More The Effect of Social Organization on Everyday Life and Health824 Words   |  4 PagesEffect of Social Organization on Everyday Life and Health Most people do not think about their health or issues revolving around their health until they are actually ill or people think that their health is only affected by biological factors. However, our health should be a focus in our lives because our daily life has an affect on our health. Illness does not only have biological causes but is also influenced by social factors such as the socially imposed roles of gender and socioeconomic differencesRead MoreDrug Addiction And Socioeconomic Status1467 Words   |  6 Pages Drug Addiction and Socioeconomic Status Noah Rewis Desert Vista High School Author’s Note This literature review was written for Mrs. Boggs Advanced Composition class Abstract Drug addiction has historically been associated with impoverished minorities. However, in recent years, drug addiction has spiked amongst the suburban middle class. While this is obviously an issue, the reasons behind drug addiction are still not entirely unclear, making responding to addiction crises difficultRead MoreRace, Class, and the Social Determinants of Health629 Words   |  3 Pagesreasons, it is easier for the monied classes to access quality health care when needed and, in general, lead healthier lifestyles. People of higher socioeconomic groups have been shown to live longer (Scrambler, 2012). Beginning with higher infant mortality rates, lower socioeconomic groups often face a lifetime of challenges to good health and longevity. David and Messer (2011) reported on a study by the National Institutes of Health that revealed the rate of infant mortality among African American

Walmart Accounting Analysis - 2208 Words

Accounting Analysis The purpose of this section is to evaluate the degree to which Wal-Mart’s accounting captures its true business practices. Specifically, this section will examine places where Wal-Mart has accounting flexibility. Additionally, this section will evaluate the appropriateness of Wal-Mart’s accounting policies and estimating techniques. Together, these provide an indication of the credibility behind Wal-Mart’s numbers. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal†¦show more content†¦After much analysis of Wal-Mart’s annual report, it was found that the company uses a financial measure, free cash flow, which is considered a non-GAAP financial measure under the SEC’s rules. Free cash flow measures the ability to generate additional cash from business operations and therefore is believed to be an important financial measure to evaluate the business’ financial performance. As stated in the MDA section of Wal-Mart’s annual report, â€Å"Free cash flow should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, income from continuing operations as a measure of our performance and net cas h provided by operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.† There are several methods in calculating a company’s free cash flow; Wal-Mart views this measure as supplemental information to the firm’s entire statement of cash flows. I feel as though the choice to use the measure of free cash flow may seem deceiving and perhaps mislead readers of Wal-Mart’s annual report. Wal-Mart’s free cash flow does not represent the actual cash available because the measure does not deduct the payments for debt and other contractual obligations or payments made for business acquisitions Assess Accounting Flexibility Accounting Flexibility: high level Summary of Critical Accounting Policies Management strives to report the financial results of the company in a clear and understandable manner, although in some casesShow MoreRelatedAcc 205 Final Paper1538 Words   |  7 PagesWalmart Corporation (Financial Overview) William Jones ACC205: Principles of Accounting Instructor: Emmett Denham Date: 2/09/2015 While inaccurate accounting can cause misleading information about the company, every successful company should develop an income statement and balance sheet when monitoring financial growth. Also, formulating a horizontal and ratio analysis creates an accurate trend of the company spending behavior and debt-to-ratio venerability. A balance sheet can be consideredRead MoreWalmart. Background:. Walmart Is A Retail Corporation That1567 Words   |  7 Pages Walmart Background: Walmart is a retail corporation that has multiple departments in each of its stores around North America. The departments range from clothing, to grocery, to electronics, to many other departments in a Walmart store that will fit a customer’s needs. Walmart is founded in 1962, by Sam Walton, who opened the first Walmart store in Rogers, Arkansas. The Walmart headquarters is in Bentonville, Arkansas. Sam Walton was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. In 1950, Walton movedRead MoreWalmart s Liquidity Ratios Is A Positive And Steady Projection Of The Ratio Values Essay877 Words   |  4 Pagesthus, the company is placed fairly to support its operational activities. The asset turnover percentage remains steady at 2 % meaning that fewer assets are not properly managed, the company is able to support its day-to-day activities (Stock, 2014). Walmart has enough assets within the company to reach that can be used to take care of the immediate financial obligations (Stock, 2014). The debt ratio of the company is set below the 5 % mark for a substantial period of time. This means that the companyRead MoreInventory Accounting at Wal Mart Stores.1015 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of Wal-Mart stores increased and the number of Sams stores increased. WalMart utilized an extensive distribution and tracking system to maintain optimal inventories at each store. They use the retail last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory accounting method for the Wal-Mart Stores segment, cost LIFO for the SAMS CLUB segment. For both financial reporting and tax purposes, Wal Mart used the accrual method of accounting and maintained a perpetual inventory system. Under the perpetual inventory systemRead MoreAmerican Corporation Analysis1389 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Corporation Analysis The purpose of this paper is for Team C to select an American Corporation to conduct a financial analysis. Team C has selected Walmart to conduct a comparative and ratio analysis to measure the company’s profitability and liquidity. Team C will use the following profitability ratios: earning per share, price earnings ratio, return on assets ratio, gross profit rate, asset turnover ratio, payout ratio and return on common stockholders’ equity ratio to analyze Walmart’sRead MoreThe Lack Of Promotion For College Students Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagescategorized as brand loyalty. However, college students in Athens are more likely to purchase at AFM’s competitors (Walmart, Kroger) due to AFM’s fewer opening hours and distance. But Deighton et al. (1994) indicates that advertising can have effective influences on brand switching, which would apply to AFM as students start to purchase products at AFM instead of Walmart repeatedly. Further, Walmart (or Kroger) as one of the largest supermarkets in the retail industry can compete and restrict the customerRead MoreTarget Financial Analysis Paper913 Words   |  4 PagesWhat percent of the total assets were these capital investments? A calculation is used to assess Target and Walmart efficiency that allocating the capital under its control to profitable investments. The return on invested capital gives a sense of how well a company is using their money to generate returns. However, Target sales increased to 4% in 2015 to 2016 but then declined significantly in 2016 to 2017. Target earnings from continuing operations before interest expense and income taxes increasedRead MoreWalmart Business Model Canvas Project1673 Words   |  7 Pageschose Walmart as the company to focus on for our business model canvas project. Considering that Walmart is the world’s largest retailer, as well as largest private employer, there is a plethora of information on this mammoth company. Sam Walton, Walmart’s founder, had a simple and noble vision for his stores; he said, â€Å"[We wanted to] reduce the cost of living for the people who shopped in our stores† (Soderquist, 2016). To this end, he created the big bo x retail format that we see in Walmart and otherRead MoreWalmart s More Recent Activity1083 Words   |  5 Pagesaffordable food† (Torres, Garcia-French, Hordijk, Nguyen 2012, p. 25). Furthermore, Walmart has committed itself to three specific goals to be accomplished in the near future. â€Å"Using 100% renewable energy, creating zero waste and selling products that sustain people and the environment† (Torres, Garcia-French. Hordijk, Nguyen 2012, p.26). Similar to the Coca-Cola example discussed above, the holistic approach by Walmart highlights the importance of aligning its actions with stakeholders and with itsRead MoreIkea - Welcome Inside7046 Words   |  29 PagesFinancial Reporting and Management Accounting EMBA 105 Course-work: Financial Reporting and Management Accounting – IKEA Welcome inside Mr. I. Pasmatzis Paul V Grech Cohort 19, Romania April 2012 IKEA Executive Summary Accounting is divided into two distinct systems, financial accounting and management accounting. Both systems have been used to evaluate the accounting situation in IKEA. For comparison, the analysis for another two companies, Walmart and Stanley Furniture Company Inc

Fundamental Concept of Educational Planning free essay sample

Fundamental Concepts of Educational Planning 1. Why is there a need for educational planning? Educational Planning can be basis for evaluating/assessing performance of the educational system. It affects equity in the distribution and utilization of resources. Educational planning is an instrument for quality improvement. Through educational planning, a country can indicate the needed change, reform and innovation, and to maximize the use of limited resources. It brings about a well-balanced educational system and correlate education effort with national policy. It improves the effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of educational services. There is a need for educational planning it is the instrument for providing needed coordination and direction of the different components of an educational system. It also answer that widely accepted long term goals such as universal primary education are approach objectively. It provides a realistic appraisal of the country’s resources which is important factor in the successful implementation of the plan 2. As a planner/administrator, how do you understand the term â€Å"educational development†? Suggest other facets of educational development. Educational development as a planner or administrators means expanding the facilities to match numbers with needs of the clientele; diversifying teaching – learning situations as well as their content to suit the varying demands of society; promoting lifelong learning through the provisions of education for all in-school and out-of-school youths and adults; and establishing an effective â€Å"challenge response† relationship between economic and social development, on one side and education on the other. 3. What do you think are necessary to bring about a feasible and workable educational development plan in your region/division/district/institution? An educational development plan claims to be designed to meet the unique educational needs of the learner. In all cases the educational development plan must be tailored to the individual students needs by the evaluation process, and must especially help teachers and related service providers understand the students learning process. 4. In your own area, what do you think is the ideal approach to be used as basis of your planning activity? Why? Foundation of Educational Planning 1. As an educational planner, why is there a need for basic knowledge and understanding of society? Having a basic knowledge and understanding of the society is considered to be essential because the planner should understand the impact of educational planning to the society. Plans may be very accurately drawn up but these may fail unless the necessary attitudes are acquired by the people to be trained. 2. Present a situation showing the impact of planning on society. Education planned for a free and compulsory education is the first level. Everybody within this age-group and level must be in school regardless of wether the parents would like them to remain at home to help in the household chore or help in augmenting family income. Although elementary education is compulsory, full implementation cannot be achieved because of limited resources. Educational planners bear a responsibility to ensure that the society eventually eccepts the change and gradually adjusts itself to the consequences of that change. 3. What are the principal cost elements of education? The principal cost elements of education the policy makers has to take up into consideration may be distinguished in three categories: investment in capital for example is the school building, Current cost for example the teacher’s salaries, the books and chalks, and the indirect cost. The latter could perhaps be explained in this example, generally when people are in school they do not participate in production. At this period, the country sacrifices what these people could have produced if they have been working instead of going to school. 4. What do you understand by education as consumption and as an investment? Give specific example. Education in economic analysis and policy plays a role both as consumption and as an investment. Education is consumption because it satisfies the needs and provides utilities. It also spends money for the school facilities, teachers’ salaries, books and other materials that cost so much money. It is an investment if it contributes to the economic growths in general and the increase of individual income in particular. 5. Why should an educational planner be conversant with the structure of the educational system? Every change in structure has immediate repercussions in the work of the educational planner. All his projections of enrolment, teacher needs and the like, his costing and financial statements have to be changed to match the new structure – hence, his need to be associated in all attempts of structural reform in a country. 6. How should educational planners respond to the challenges of population dynamics? Planners should consider on what strategies to adopt in accordance to the population which is constantly changing in number age and sex composition, and geographic distribution. Educational planning cannot be separated from the considerations about the dynamics of population growth and change. Educational planners should explore new avenue including major reforms of educational structure and contents. The response to population dynamics lies in innovation rather than expansion. The management of population is a vital to economic development which can be achieved by educational and economic measures. It is appropriate that planners know their role in population education. One of the most significant contributions of education to national development is to inculcate in our people the awareness of the vital and pressing need; to control population growth or decline and to manage population processes and to explain the national development is not exclusively economic development LESSON 3: Educational Planning Ate the National and Sub-national Level 1. Explain the relationship of the different levels of planning to the entire national development process. 2. How can planning on the national and sub-national levels solve the problems of our educational system? LESSON 4: Educational Planning at the Institutional Level 1. Why is the institutional planning important and necessary? Institutional planning is important and necessary because it’s the primary objective is to make the best utilization of existing resources and they emphasize human efforts rather than additional money investment. Education is essentially a stretch process whereby teachers and students stretch themselves and their resources to the utmost. 2. Formulate a skeletal framework of an institutional plan for school/institution in your locality.

Poetry Unchanging Love Essays - Love, Sonnet 116,

Poetry: Unchanging Love Love is a very powerful word. It is that feeling inside that warms every heart. It is what brings people closer together. It is what everyone is searching for. If this love is true, it will live on. William Shakespeare makes this very clear in his Sonnet 116. The physical body will decay, but as long as love is loyal and persevering, it will live on forever. To better understand the theme of the poem, I am going to explain it bit by bit. The seamark in line five serves as a guide to passing ships; love serves as a guide to people who are lucky enough to be in it. Loves not times fool, in line nine means that love is not fooled by time. Time will march on, things will change, but love stays the same. All of these principles tie into the theme that love is constant and unchanging. Movies seem to portray this theme very well. In City of Angels, Nicholas Cage has to make a decision. He can choose to stay as a death angel, and live that way forever or he can choose to become mortal, but never be able to become a real angel after death. He makes the ultimate sacrifice for love. He chooses to become mortal so that he can be with Meg Ryan. Their love is so strong, that he is willing to do anything for her. That is what love is all about. In the movie Ghost, Patrick Swayze is killed in a mugging. His girlfriend, crushed, does not know how she will be able to live without him. But because he loved her so much, he finds a way to contact her. He does this through Whoopi Goldberg. He wants her to know that even though he is not with her, he still loves her very deeply. This is a perfect example of unchanging love. This illustrates how love, if persevering, can live forever. This universal theme seems to repeat itself through all of time. From Romeo and Juliet, the star-crossed lovers, to Tim and Jill on Home Improvement, it is proven that love lives on. It has been established throughout time that love, when strong, can conquer all. Poetry Essays

Integration policies in Ireland Essay Example

Integration policies in Ireland Essay Example Integration policies in Ireland Essay Integration policies in Ireland Essay The Lack of Appropriate Integration Policies and the Impacts on Young Immigrants in Ireland For many migratory households, assimilation into society is merely a affair of larning the linguistic communication, happening employment, and get the better ofing the civilization daze. However, in some parts of Europe, it can take several coevalss before fledglings are assimilated into mainstream society- especially if the original migrators do non talk the linguistic communication of their new state or are ethnically distinguishable and hence can non go physically identical from the general population ( as is the instance with Africans and Asians ) . In Europe, many states are host to an inflow of migrators from the Middle East, Asia, and South and Central Africa. Some societies are more welcoming than others. Although anti-immigrant sentiment can be found in any state, England and Sweden are noted for their generous welcoming attitude toward migrators and Ireland and Latvia are two of the least unfastened societies. Although migrators have a lower criterion of life and do non hol d entree to the societal benefits granted to citizens, these jobs are even more important in a more closed society. This paper seeks to research the disadvantages that immature migrators face in Ireland and how it affects them on a psychological and economic degree, and the policy implications our research will hold in making a kinder gentler attack that encourages assimilation of migrators into the civilization instead than making greater animus. In the 21st century, Irish attitudes toward migrators have become more friendly harmonizing to polls of the Irish population. However, this does contrast with the high proportion of refuge searchers and migratory workers describing torment and trouble obtaining entree to basic employment and services. [ 1 ] Anti-immigrant sentiment typically stems from a splanchnic fright of offense. Indeed, this fright is non baseless because rather frequently immigrants from less-developed states are more likely to perpetrate offenses in their adoptive states because certain Acts of the Apostless that were legal at place are no longer so. For illustration, some 3rd universe states have highly slack drug Torahs, but their sale and distribution is prohibited in most industrialized states. Poverty is the primary beginning of offense and many migrators that are asylum searchers are normally really hapless. Many citizens are disquieted that the local substructure is deficient to managing a monolithic inflow of migrators as Ireland had really rapidly transitioned from an agriculturally-based economic system to a post-industrial digital 1. Full industrial development had non taken topographic point until the mid-1970s. [ 2 ] Background Ireland used to be a instead homogenous state with an about entirely Celtic/Gaelic cultural population. Economic problems and nutrient deficits led many Irish citizens to emigrate to the United States and the United Kingdom for calling chances and new lives. Ireland neer truly made anyone’s top 10 list of states to seek work visas or political refuge because so many of its ain citizens were seeking to go forth. In the 21st century, Ireland’s population is going really diverse with many immigrants from Southeast Asia, Northern and Central Africa, and Eastern Europe. However, many surveies have shown that incorporating into Irish society is highly hard. For illustration, about one in three work license holders are insulted and harassed in the workplace, of which Black South and Central Africans having the brunt of the favoritism. Almost one in five reported hapless intervention from in-migration services, which is one of the most prevailing signifiers of institutional favoritism. Approximately 15 % of those seeking lodging study that they have been denied entree to belongings and appropriate funding for racialist grounds, and those non falling into that demographic study torment by neighbors. In the commercial sector, favoritism is somewhat less prevailing as less than 10 % of the participants reported that they have been the victim of a hatred offense, refused service at a eating hous e or store, or abused by service workers or constabularies because of ethnicity. [ 3 ] Common societal attitudes frequently facilitate xenophobic behavior. ‘Surveys of Irish society suggests that dictatorship, Catholicism, anti-intellectualism and neglect for certain Torahs are dominant strains in Irish society†¦For case, although 69.9 % of Irish individuals would non object to being related to Americans, 79 % would object to being related to American Negroes. The interviewees were asked about their willingness to accept members of different groups as relations, friends, neighbors, colleagues, citizens, visitants to the state: 21.2 % would welcome Blacks as relations, 57.7 % as friends, 70.6 % as neighbors, 78.3 % as colleagues, 83 % as citizens.† [ 4 ] The same study unsurprisingly indicated that Irish citizens would be more welcoming to ethnically Caucasic immigrants. Recent motions advancing multiculturalism are trying to control some of the most baneful racialist influences in Ireland, peculiarly institutional racism where persons are discriminated against and so blamed for their ‘failures’ . [ 5 ] Many Irish motions for societal equality are recommending an individual-centred attack of guaranting that the best people are advanced through society, nevertheless, that assumes that everyone has an equal chance for success and that racism and other steps of societal inequality are non present. [ 6 ] ‘In many states black and cultural minorities are disproportionately ill educated, unemployed, populating in poorness and, as such, disproportionately disadvantaged.’ [ 7 ] Certain avenues of redress include: income redistribution, community development programmes, and group rights ; while these steps do non travel really far in bettering the bias within the population, it would do cultural favoritism less socially acceptable. There still remains the job of societal mobility. Free societies by and large allow bright, promising, enterprising persons to progress up the societal hierarchy and make a degree higher than the 1 they were born into. However, this becomes more debatable when there are institutional barriers that overpoweringly favour work forces over adult females, native-born over foreign, and Caucasian over African or Asian. Allowing equal terms to everyone is proven to be good to society, particularly as the best people beforehand independent of race or national beginning. ‘The economic growing of the ninetiess that made Ireland a more attractive and accessible finish for refuge searchers and other immigrants was non matched by increased disbursement on the public assistance state.’ [ 8 ] Aim This research seeks to bring out the psychological and socioeconomic effects of institutional favoritism against migrators, and if assimilation will be possible. As noted in the old paragraphs, 83 % of the interviewees were non opposed to holding Blacks as citizens, which implies that those wishing to deny citizenship to ethnically diverse migrators are a little, but important minority. However, this demographic is typically responsible for the prejudiced intervention reported by migrators in the 2006 McGinnity survey. We besides seek to bring out the root causes of such favoritism. A smattering was listed in the old paragraph, and we will analyze how the dictatorship and strong religionism in Ireland influence societal policy. Positions Aside from the sample interviewed, the research will include common racial attitudes in Ireland as portion of the introduction/background to supply context for the participants’ experience. The study will besides mention longitudinal surveies on racial attitudes of Ireland’s indigens, and perceptual experiences of xenophobia from the migrators. Six old ages ago, the Irish authorities published a booklet entitledConstructing an Inclusive Societyas portion of an anti-poverty step. The intent of this was to hold as its chief nonsubjective ensuring that cultural minorities and migrators are non more likely to see poorness than Caucasic citizens. ‘The end of turn toing poorness amongst migrators and cultural minorities implies a new accent on the integrating of immigrants non explicitly stated elsewhere in Irish authorities policy. In consequence, it articulates a concern about future societal stratification within Irish society on the footing of ethnicity.’ [ 9 ] As Ireland had neer had a important population of cultural minorities, the job of a racial hierarchy as seen in South Africa and the United States was neer genuinely an issue. However, since their recent economic enlargement and credence of migratory workers, the authorities needs to take preventive steps to guarantee that one does non evolve- but current in-migration policies discourage migrators from trying to go a portion of Irish society. Methodology The research worker will utilize longitudinal informations compiled on immigrant groups within Ireland to provide much of the background information of the thesis and treatment subdivisions, particularly with regard to the more psychological and wellness facets ( i.e. degrees of depression, anxiousness, emphasis, and morbidity compared to the native Irish ) . In order to garner original informations, the research worker will see sites that specifically cater to migrators in Ireland and ask for them to take part in a research undertaking that is designed to raise consciousness of the challenges common to migrators in Ireland. We can turn up possible interviewees via college campuses by administering flyers to a smattering of universities and community Centres that are known to incorporate important Numberss of migrators. The sample will include immature grownups age 18-40, as the research is chiefly concerned with how institutional favoritism affects the immature. Tentative Bibliography Baumgartl, Bernd and Adrian Favell.New Xenophobia in Europe. Dutch capital: Martinus Nijhoff, 1995 Fahey, Tony A ; Helen Russell.Best of Times? : The Social Impact of the Celtic Tiger. Irish capital: Institute of Public Administration, 2007 Faning, Bryan.Racism and Social Change in the Republic of Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002 Hermann, Peter.Citizenship Revisited: Menaces or Opportunities of Switching Boundaries. New York: Nova Publishers, 2004 McGinnity, Frances et Al. Migrants’ Experience of Racism and Discrimination in Ireland.EUMC. [ Online ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20061106142132/BKMNINT193.pdf. The Economic and Social Research Institute, 2006 Peillon, Michel and Mary P. Corcoran.Topographic point and Non-place: The Reconfiguration of Ireland. Irish capital: Institute of Public Administration, 2004 Probationary Dissertation Structure The concluding study will hold a standard thesis construction get downing with a 300 word abstract, which will present the issue, and summarize the methodological analysis and findings of the survey. The first portion of the Introduction will incorporate a brief overview of Ireland’s emigration/immigration tendencies over the past century. The 2nd portion will concentrate on the current harvest of immigrants in Ireland, specifically observing the regional demographics, native civilization, and challenges of version. The background information will supply some information on today’s immature immigrants and include surveies that have statistical markers of psychological and economic markers every bit good as outline some of the grounds they had chosen to travel to Ireland in the first topographic point. The methodological analysis subdivision will discourse the choice standards for the interviewees, the nature of the surveys/interview inquiries, and addresses whether the research would be a qualitative survey or a quantitative analysis. The consequences subdivision will name the findings and/or a statistical analysis of the informations. The treatment subdivision will analyze the findings and possible accounts. The decision will turn to farther deductions and so offer suggestions for farther research in the field. The study will stop with a comprehensive list of mentions. 1

Easy English Proverbs

Easy English Proverbs Learning proverbs - or sayings - are a great way to get insight and improve your English. Unfortunately, some proverbs are easy to understand and others more difficult. This article provides twenty easy proverbs that are right for your level. Each proverb has a definition for you to learn the proverb. Once you have learned these twenty proverbs, match the situations to the appropriate proverb at the end of the article. Teachers can use these activities with proverbs in the classroom to help your learners. List of Proverbs Accidents happen. Mistakes and bad events naturally happen. Its not your fault. Better late than never. Its good you came to something. The customer is always right. People who pay money for something you sell deserve respect. You only die once. Nothing in life is so bad. Easy does it. Be careful, dont go too fast. Every man has his price. Every person will do anything for enough money. Fight fire with fire. If someone is aggressive with you, be aggressive with that person. If you cant be good, be careful. When you do something that mom and dad wont like, dont be too crazy. Home is where the heart is. Your true place is with the people you love. The king can do no wrong. People with a lot of power, the boss, etc. do wrong, but are not criticized by others. Knowledge is power. Learning will help you succeed in life. Live and learn. Living teaches you lessons, take advantage of the lessons. He lives long who lives well. Living healthfully will lead to a long life. Money isnt everything. Money is not the only important thing in life. Never say never. Life will surprise you, dont say no to things. Never too old to learn. No matter how old you are you should learn new things. No news is good news. If you dont hear anything from someone, it means that everything is OK. Out of sight, out of mind. If you dont see or hear about something, you wont worry about it. You get what you pay for. Quality items are never cheap. Every picture tells a story. Each situation tells you something about the people and places involved. Matching Proverbs Test Match the proverbs below with the appropriate situations for the proverb. Better late than never.The king can do no wrong.Never say never.You get what you pay for.He lives long who lives well.No news is good news.Easy does it.Every man has his price.Home is where the heart is.Out of sight, out of mind.Fight fire with fire.Every picture tells a story.The customer is always right.You can only die once.Knowledge is power.Accidents will happen.Never too old to learn.Money isnt everything.Live and learn.If you cant be good, be careful.Dont worry about what you did. Sometimes bad things happen.Im glad you are here, even if the party started three hours ago.Even though that man makes you angry, he is spending money in our shop. Be nice.I know it was bad news, but there are worse things in life.Speak to Peter again. Im sure you can convince him to join our company.If Mary is going to do that to you, you need to do something to Mary.When you go to college, you will probably do some things you shouldnt. Please dont be too crazy!Ive moved all over the world with my w ife. Were happy together no matter where we live. Hes the director of the company, so he can do what he wants.This bad experience is only part of your life. Dont worry about it.You might not want to visit Los Angeles today, but maybe you will someday.I know its hard to find a new job when you are 53, but you can do it!I havent heard from my brother for more than three months.Shes gone so her mother doesnt worry about her so much.Im not surprised it already broke. You only paid $10 for that toy.Look at those two old people holding hands. I think they probably have a good marriage.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 7

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Human resource intranets are one of the fastest growing technologies in the market place. This offers a compatible and user friendly solutions which can be customized and offered according to the organizational needs. This helps in connecting various departments and branches of any organization to share information and communicate effectively. The first part of the paper deals with the human resource management. It describes various human resource management functions that are required for any organization. The second part deals with the intranet and its benefits and drawbacks. The last section of the paper describes the HR intranets and the activities it can handle. Challenges faced by the organizations in the research and the various factors of the environment influence development of their operations. The heterogeneity is present in the culture, political legal set up, social set up, availability of investors and funding parties for that particular area, work force, management att itude and perception about the host country. These all factors influence most of the industries and organizations in the strategic decision making process. There are number of activities within any organization that are very important like marketing and sales, human resource management, production and manufacturing, operations, information technologies which functions together for the organizational goal and profitability.

The Legislative basis for the assessment of the Smiths needs; Essay

The Legislative basis for the assessment of the Smiths needs; provision of service; and types of services available - Essay Example The standards include the concepts of; dignity; privacy; choice; safety; realizing potential; and equality and diversity. In conjunction with the Regulation Act, the Community Care and Health (Scotland) Act 2002 seek to promote equity, choice and dignity among clients like the Smiths, by shifting the focus from institutional care and promoting a collaborative approach by health and care services. However, there have been concerns voiced by critics that some of the objectives of these Acts are undermined in terms of discriminatory practices, especially toward elderly citizens. It appears that age discrimination is widespread across health and care services, present in day-to-day language where it is considered 'benign' and evident in beliefs, values and attitudes that perceive the older person as characteristically different from the rest of society. This view is reflected in the chronic under funding of social care for older people. The Smiths, like many elderly within the population of Scotland, have ongoing health care costs, the need for social support, the need for education and up-to-date information pertinent to their social welfare and health needs, as well as idiosyncratic personal needs and expectations, such as assistance and support with their son going to court (Sim, 2005). In this respect, there is a critical need for a review of social and health provisions to the elderly who are living at home. Provision of Services The Scottish Ministers ensure that the provision of services meets a high standard of quality service by regularly reviewing the national care standards that apply to care services, and this includes the delivery of services to the elderly. To enable the optimum provision of services, the standards and services are continuously evaluated with the inclusive consultation of those who are the end users of the services; such as the Smiths. The Scottish Social Services Council's codes of practice are also taken into consideration. The code states the responsibilities of employers when regulating the activities of social service workers. As a code of practice, a list of expectations of social service workers details standards for professional conduct and practice. The code ensures a standardisation of care services across the Scottish community.Hence, an employer must ensure that a competent social worker is part of the services workforce, and this means they must understand the responsib ilities of their role. Policies, procedures and protocols must exist in hard document form to enable social workers to meet the code of practice standards. Training and ongoing professional development opportunities must be made available to social worker staffs. Policies must address issues of discrimination and dangerous or exploitive behavior. And finally the code must be promoted among social workers as well as the wider community. Types of Service For a couple like the Smith's several service care options are available; housing support services (which provides assistance, advice, and counseling) to support the elderly to live within their home; home care services; an independent health care service; a nurse agency; respite care;

Effects of Alcohol on the Family Essay Example for Free

Effects of Alcohol on the Family Essay Alcohol Dependence, also known as alcoholism, is a very widespread disabling addictive disorder, affecting 4% of Canadians. Alcoholism may start innocuously, due to the acceptability of social drinking, but over time, can lead to serious health problems, including brain, kidney and liver damage. Although alcoholics seem to be doing the most damage to themselves, they are hurting their families even more. Lesser-known, but just as serious victims of alcohol abuse are the alcoholics’ children. The negative effects start in the womb, where drinking during pregnancy often causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and other defects. After the baby is born, the risks continue, as the children in alcoholic families tend to lack a stable family environment and have a fairly high rate of abuse. These factors, as well as genetic predisposition, are strong precedents to the child developing alcohol abuse problems themselves. These children also tend to show more symptoms of anxiety and depression, and have lower self esteem than children from nonalcoholic families. These factors may also contribute to the likelihood of the child becoming an alcoholic. When a few drinks has turned into a few too many, a few too many times, some may start to suspect alcoholism. This is often how alcohol abuse starts, with acceptable social drinking increasing to the point where the drinker can no longer control their desire and compulsion to drink. Drinking too much alcohol over a long period changes the chemical balance in the brain linked to pleasure, causing the body to crave alcohol. Symptoms of alcoholism are frequent intoxication; drinking and continuing to drink alcohol in appropriate places and times; and often, denial of the problem. Due to the legality and availability of alcohol, it can be very difficult to quit or help another quit drinking, which can result in long-term alcohol abuse. When one has been abusing alcohol for long periods of time, it can cause a number of mental and physical problems, including, but not limited to liver damage, kidney damage, heart disease, alcoholic dementia, brain damage, and a myriad of psychological problems. Alcoholism also comes with a variety of comorbid disorders, most commonly major depressive disorder, and anxiety related disorders (Petrakis, 86). The order of the co-occurrence is not always clear; whether these disorders resulted from the alcoholism, or whether the alcoholism was triggered by the disorders varies accordingly, but regardless, the alcoholic has a much better chance of recovery if both problems are treated together. (Medline Plus) Drinking alcohol during pregnancy has been found to increase health risks to the fetus, especially after the first trimester. Any amount of alcohol may harm a developing baby, no ‘safe amount’ has yet been established; however the more alcohol consumed by an expectant mother, the higher the risks are of the baby developing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, or FAS. FAS is a series of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus during pregnancy if the mother has been drinking. The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence states that approximately 5000 babies are born each year with severe FAS, and another 35000 are born with milder symptoms. If an alcoholic woman’s first child has FAS, the risk of her second child having FAS as well is a daunting 70%. The range of birth defects caused by FAS can be minor to major, and are nearly always long term. The infant will be born underweight and with an alcohol dependency. A detox period will follow birth, sometimes lasting for up to several months. These babies tend to have brain and skull deformities, and can have very distinctive facial features, such as small eye openings, thin upper lips, and long, flat faces. (Dozois, and Firestone 249-262) (Davis, and Frost 100-101) As the baby grows, learning problems that will keep the child from progressing normally may become apparent. FAS can cause damage to the central nervous system, which may result in severe learning disabilities. Due to this, the child may have problems learning to walk, being able to sleep, and focusing on motor skills; and have speech problems, hearing impairment, and decreased memory recall. They may have low self-esteem, be hyperactive, and be easily angered or frustrated. Mild or severe retardation, emotional issues, the inability to bond and communicate with other children their age are common traits for a child who suffers from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. It often results in lower and overall academic performance (compared to non-FAS children), and difficulties in reading, writing, spelling, and mathematics. (Dozois, and Firestone 254) Another side effect of alcoholism in the family is the lack of a stable family environment. Alcohol has been known to negatively affect marital relationships, breaking up families, be the cause of suicide, result in unemployment and poverty, and cause or exacerbate child abuse. Over 3 times as many people report to have been previously married to an alcoholic, compared to those currently married to an alcoholic, demonstrating that relationships involving alcohol abuse are less likely to last than sober relationships. Often, if one parent is an alcoholic and the other is not, the sober partner feels that the drinking takes precedence over them and their family. This strongly affects couples with children, as they may effectively lose either parent, or end up being shuttled between them. Worse than losing a parent to divorce is the reality of losing a parent to suicide. The relationship between alcoholism and suicide is very clear, and has been well-documented. Alcohol is a depressant, and can bring on episodes of major depressive disorder. Alcohol abuse is often either self-medication for depression, or the cause of alcoholic depression. Often, alcoholic depression is a combination of the two, a vicious cycle of triggering and self-medicating that worsens one’s emotional state. This despair, combined with possible unemployment; marital, family, and financial problems; and declining health due to drinking, results in more drinking to ‘drink away’ the issues, which can push one over the edge and cause them to take their own life. (Alcoholic. ca) Even if both parents are alive and present in a child’s life, they may not always be the responsible adults and parents they are expected to be. Many severely alcoholic parents are not able to attend to and fulfill their child’s physical and emotional needs, and some may even require the child to prematurely assume the role of the parent and take care of the adult. They may be emotionally and financially supported by their children in cases where their alcoholism is too severe for them to be self-reliant and hold a steady job. If there are younger siblings, the responsibilities of parenting may fall to the oldest child, sometimes in their entirety. This role reversal is unfortunate, but all too common in families where the main caregiver is affected by substance abuse and alcoholism. This also results in the children lacking proper role models to learn from, and as teenagers, are more likely to do poorly in school, or drop out entirely and not pursue post-secondary education. Children of alcoholics have higher rates of truancy, arrest, depression, and addiction than their peers, and are usually more aggressive, obsessive, impulsive, and have lower self-esteem. (Parsons) Child abuse adds to the instability of the life of a child with alcoholic parents. While child abuse, unlike FAS, can also occur in families without alcoholic parents, 4/5 of reported cases involved substance abuse, commonly including alcohol. Alcoholism is also more prevalent among child-abusing parents than those who do not abuse their children, and is more commonly associated with child abuse than any other disorder. The abuse is not limited to physical abuse; it comes in many forms, including sexual, verbal, emotional, and psychological abuse, as well as neglect. There are many reasons and theories behind the facts, all are true to a certain degree in most situations. Some say that alcoholics are generally more violent and prone to aggression, which makes their children a convenient target. The alcohol might be making them aggressive, or they may aggressive by nature, which is exacerbated by the alcohol. Also, since alcohol and child abuse are connected, many alcoholics were abused as children themselves, and as a result, are more likely to abuse their own children. This abuse puts their children at a greater risk of alcoholism, as well as abusing their future children, perpetuating the cycle. Emotional abuse and neglect commonly occur when the inebriated parent cannot correctly assess their own priorities, emotionally (or physically) abandons their child, or does not treat them as a parent should. Regardless of the reason, child abuse results in the children doing poorly in school, having self-esteem issues, anti-social behaviour, having feelings of guilt and shame, and suffering from depression. Abused children are also much more likely to grow up to abuse their own children, and to have substance abuse issues of their own. (Widom and Hiller-Sturmhofel 52-57) Despite the obvious hope that a child with alcoholic parents will learn from their mistakes and grow up to be an addiction-free adult, the opposite is usually true. The children of alcoholics are far more likely to become a product of their environment and develop substance abuse problems, likely including, but not limited to, alcoholism. Without proper role models and examples to base themselves off of, these children tend to fall into their parents’ habits and imitate their actions. Alcoholic parents are also more likely to have raised their children in an environment where alcohol abuse was more common or more accepted than non-alcoholic parents, where they may have been influenced by their peers. Along with alcohol dependency, these children are at a much higher risk of developing other substance abuses issues and addictions, most commonly to benzodiazepines. They are also likely to suffer from symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and obsessive behaviours. Those who manage to stay sober tend to exhibit these characteristics as well. Some children of alcoholics may fall victim to the same traps as their parents, while others excel, possibly due to a desire to do better in life than their parents. (Brooke, et al 1980-1981) Alcoholism is a very tough habit to break, however anyone who desires to try has a multitude of options. There are certain medications in use that may be prescribed as part of treatment, but these usually accompany group therapy or psychotherapy, which is usually found to be the most effective. Alcoholics Anonymous, or AA, is the most common program, due to its availability, anonymity, efficacy, and affordability. It is a free international program based on the mutual support of its members, where alcoholics learn to take responsibility for their actions, and support others through their journeys. It is based on the ‘12 Steps’, which are a set of principles and beliefs that focus on admitting to mistakes and addictions, recognizing a higher power, making amends, taking responsibility, and helping others through their addictions. AA famously schools its members that alcoholism is a disease, and that it is not something that they can control. However despite all the available support, unless those who suffer from Alcohol Dependence genuinely have a wish to get better, and are willing to put the in the time and effort required, their problems often do result in lasting effects, both for themselves and others. (Alcoholic.ca) (Alcoholics Anonymous). References Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous: This is AA. Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. , 2010. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous: Is There an Alcoholic in Your Life?. Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. , 2010. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Medline Plus. Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse. Medline Plus. National Library of Medicine, 15 Nov 2010. Web. 26 Nov 2010. . Parsons, Tetyana. Alcoholism and Its Effect on the Family. AllPsych Online. AllPsych and Heffner Media Group Inc. , 14 Dec 2003. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Widom, Cathy Spatz, and Susanne Hiller-Sturmhofel. Alcohol Abuse as a Risk Factor for and Consequence of Child Abuse. Alcohol research health: the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 25. 1 (2001): 52-57. Print. Alcoholic. ca. Alcoholism and Suicide. Alcoholic and Alcohol Treatment in Canada. Alcoholic. ca, 2009. Web. 29 Nov 2010. . Alcoholic. ca. Alcoholic and Alcohol Treatment. Alcoholic and Alcohol Treatment in Canada. Alcoholic. ca, 2009. Web. 29 Nov 2010. . Dozois, David, and Philip Firestone. Abnormal Psychology. 4th Ed. , Perspectives. Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education Canada, 2010. 254. Print. Brooke, S, et al. Familial Loading for Alcoholism and Offspring Behavior: Mediating and Moderating Influences. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 34. 11 (2010): 1980-1981. Web. 28 Nov 2010. . Petrakis, Ismene L, et al. Comorbidity of Alcoholism and Psychiatric Disorders: An Overview. Alcohol research health: the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 26. 2 (2002): 81-89. Print. Davis, Janet Haggerty, and Wendy Autumn Frost. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Challenge for the Community Health Nurse. Journal of Community Health Nursing. 1. 2 (1984): 100-101. Print.

Relationship Between Inflation and Unemployment :: Economics

Inflation and unemployment are two key elements when evaluating a whole economy and it is also easy to get those figures from National Bureau of Statistics when you want to evaluate it. However, the relationship between them is a controversial topic, which has been debated by economists for decades. From some famous economists such as Paul Samuelson, Milton Freidman etc to some infamous economists, this topic received a lot of attention. However, it is this debate that makes the thinking about it evolve. In this essay, the controversial topic will be discussed by viewing different economists’ opinions on that according to time sequencing. But before started, it is worthy getting a better understanding of the terms, inflation and unemployment. Inflation refers to an increase in overall level of prices within an economy. In simple words, it means you have to pay more money to get the same amount of goods or services as you acquired before. By contrast, the term unemployment is easier to understand. Generally, it refers to those people who are available for work but do not find a work. And unemployment rate, which is the percentage of the labour force that is unemployed, is usually used to measure unemployment (Mankiw 1992). The debate of the relationship between inflation and unemployment is mainly based on the famous â€Å"Phillips Curve†. This curve was first discovered by a New Zealand born economist called Allan William Phillips. In 1958, A. W. Phillips published an article â€Å"The relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957†, in which he showed a negative correlation between inflation and unemployment (Phillips 1958). As shown in figure 1, when unemployment rate is low, the inflation rate tends to be high, and when unemployment is high, the inflation rate tends to be low, even to be negative. Figure 1 Phillips Curve Two years later, economists Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow, who are the most infusive representatives of Keynesian School, also published an article, showing the same negative correlation between inflation and unemployment, based on the United States’ economic data (Samuelson and Solow 1960).

Man and a Woman: A Yin and Yang

It’s still fresh in my memory the answer of 2008 Miss Universe Dayana Mendoza in her question â€Å"Does a man or a woman live and easier life? †- â€Å"actually there’s not much difference about how a woman or man lives but rather they differ on the way they think. Man thinks the easiest way to get to the point is to go straight. Woman, not exactly, they go through many curves and fixed it†. This answer is just one among the many answers on how to differentiate a man between women. In the field of hard sciences, the difference between a man and a woman is far way varied.It is usually differentiated through sex or the possession of certain organs and hormones that make them unique. Man or male is characterized by possessing the male genitalia which composed of the testicles, the penile gland and of course Adams apple. Women or female is otherwise characterized by the possession of uterus, ovary, and vagina. In terms of the Hippocratic eye, there are differ ent hormones and chromosomes that discriminates both sexes- chromosome XY for male and XX for female (York 2008).In the society, one can easily differentiate a man from a woman by the way they act, they dress and they appear in public. A man usually is short haired contented with t-shirts and pants or tuxedo for the elite while women are often long haired, fond of having fancy dresses with playful colors and distinguished by their high pitched voices as contrast to male with a distinguishable baritone voice. During the olden times, in terms of gender and socialization, a masculine is usually viewed to be brave, aggressive, and bread winner while a feminine is usually calm, conservative, and responsible in child rearing.Tracing the history, women in the olden days are considered as one among the lower society wherein they are not allowed to vote and their only profession is to become a plain housewife. In the ancient times in Asia and Europe, women are often the subjects of slavery. In Japan, once a woman has been married to a man, she no longer free. Her work is just centered on family rearing and farewell assistance to the husband. The only way to escape from the marriage is to commit hara-kiri or the virtue of killing themselves.In the Philippines during the sultanate period, only the son of the king or sultan can inherit the land and women are just for marriage rites and are just means to procreate through pregnancy. The worst thing is that they are not allowed to rule the land. In contrast, Egypt is known to have women rulers before man became the ruler. One good example is Cleopatra who ruled the ancient Egypt and who have man as subordinates (timemagazine. com 1972). But with the rise of industrial revolution, feminists became more gender sensitive and gender equality had been on the rise.Now, there had been widespread gender stereotyping such as female police enforcers, pilots, soldiers, and the existence of working moms and even female engineers. In ad dition, there is an increase of women politicians and rulers and believe it or not that the Philippines being a democratic republic had some sort of girl power because they had already to female presidents whom actually won through people power revolution. Tracing the history is likewise one way of differentiating man between women based on their family roles and social responsibility. The existence of pluralism in nature allowed varied responsibilities of a man and a woman.Delving deeper in differentiating man and women is through their matter of feelings. Men are thought to be pride and full of ego. Women are the exact opposite as they are more patient and unruffled. Usually in a family a woman/wife is usually the mother of all chores in the house doing all the laundry, cleaning, and preparing food except if a there is a hired nanny, but still a nanny is a woman. On the other hand, those of the man usually sips coffee while reading the daily news and eats the breakfast and then go to work. Going back to the answer of Miss Universe 2008, it would be nice if we cite some examples.Man thinks that the easiest way to get through a point is to go straight. I might as well agree on that. When a man goes to off a particular thing in the department store, he goes exactly to the rack or place where it is located, grabs it and pays it over the counter immediately. Women don’t, they actually took many more time visiting every lane of the shop and fit all things that she thinks it’s nice for her and grabs unnecessary things forgetting what to buy. This only means that man is more straightforward on everything. When he wants an answer, he wants it immediately. When he takes orders in a restaurant, he wants it in a brisk.Women are more patient and complicated, they are the ones who usually start the husband-wife fight because of their hasty tongue who usually nags and nags until both of them gets pissed off. Among all of these opposite characters, I still vie w man as being a yin and a yang, a perfect opposite but a perfect combination. Every imperfection of a man can be complemented by a woman and every woman’s flaw is complemented by a man. That is why there is the existence of marriage, to unite both the ideals of a man and a woman and to live together as one body and being separate entities.A man and a woman are created complementary to work and help each other. Each sex/gender represents a function in a society. There has been a saying that â€Å"No man is an island†. Truly no man is alone because there is the existence of a woman. Every human beings life is like a puzzle, it will only be completed when the remaining pieces are there. A woman therefore is never complete without a man, which maybe her father or her lover. Likewise a man is never complete without there woman, which is his mother and his lover.

Loftus and Palmer Evaluation Essay

The Loftus and Palmer study is a laboratory experiment. This means that the study is artificial. The artificiality of the setting can intimidate participants or make them more obedient. This in turn can produce unnatural behavior and results that do not generalize to real life. This can be seen in experiment 2 when 12% of the control group reported seeing broken glass even though they were unaffected by the verb. This could be attributed to the leading question or to demand characteristics when participants look for cues as to what the research is about and behave accordingly, perhaps to please the researcher, especially as the participants in this case are students that may even be familiar with the researcher as they are from the same environment. In a nutshell, due to the nature of the experiment, it lacks ecological validity. In a real life situation there would be an element of surprise and an increase in emotion. Basically the eye-witness would be in some way involved, which is not the case while watching the video the eye-witness is not part of the event. Furthermore, an eye-witness in a real life situation may discuss the event with other people which may alter their memory of the event. Lastly, an eye-witness may think more carefully about giving an answer when in a real life situation when they realize that their answer could judge how innocent or guilty a person is, they may hesitate and realize the importance, although when taking part in a study they may just give an answer without as much thought. The participants were students meaning that the researchers used an opportunity sample. This means that all the participants share certain common characteristics and are not representative of society, these may include age, driving experience and educational background. If the study used a random sample the results could be generalized. This study was very useful because it introduced the notion of reconstructive hypothesis and that eye-witness testimony isnt’t reliable. This study, and studies similar to it, have led to changes nowadays as to how the police question and use the information given by witnesses. Certain other details that could also have influenced the participants answers include: the colour or make of the car; the driver; the ability to estimate speed.

Mannerismâ€Art After the High Renaissance

Mannerism- Art After the High Renaissance After the High Renaissance in Italy, many wondered just where art was heading next. The answer? Mannerism. The new style first popped up in Florence and Rome, then the rest of Italy and, eventually, all over Europe. Mannerism, a phrase coined in the 20th century, is what happened artistically during the Late Renaissance (otherwise known as the years between Raphaels death and the beginning of the Baroque phase in 1600). Mannerism also represents Renaissance art going out, as they say, not with a bang but, rather, a (relative) whimper. The High Renaissance was, of course, astonishing. It represented a peak, a height, a veritable zenith (if you will) of artistic genius that surely must have owed something to a favorable zodiac. In fact, the only downside to the whole business was, with the Big Three Names diminished to one (Michelangelo) after 1520, where was art to go? It almost seemed as if art itself said Oh, what the hey. We could never top the High Renaissance, so why bother? Hence, Mannerism. Its not fair, though, to completely blame art for its loss of momentum after the High Renaissance. There were, as there always are, mitigating factors. For example, Rome was sacked in 1527, taken over by the armies of Charles V. Charles (who had previously just been Charles I, King of Spain) had himself crowned as Holy Roman Emperor and got to control things in most of Europe and the New World. By all accounts, he was not particularly interested in sponsoring art or artists- especially not Italian artists. Neither was he enamored with the idea of the independent city-states of Italy, and most of them lost their independent status. Additionally, a troublemaker named Martin Luther had been stirring things up in Germany, and the spread of his radical preaching was causing many to question the authority of the Church. The Church, of course, found this absolutely intolerable. Its response to the Reformation was to launch the Counter Reformation, a joyless, restrictive authoritative movement which had a zero-tolerance policy toward Renaissance innovations (among many, many other things). So here was poor art, deprived of most of its genius, patrons, and freedom. If Mannerism seems a bit half-posteriored to us now, it was honestly about the best that could be expected under the circumstances. Characteristics of Mannerism On the plus side, artists had gained lots of technical knowledge during the Renaissance (such as the use of oil paints and perspective) which would never again be lost to a dark age. Another new development at this time was rudimentary archaeology. The Mannerist artists now had actual works, from antiquity, to study. No longer did they need to use their respective imagination when it came to Classical stylization. That said, they (the Mannerist artists) almost seemed determined to use their powers for evil. Where High Renaissance art was natural, graceful, balanced and harmonious, the art of Mannerism was quite different. While technically masterful, Mannerist compositions were full of clashing colors, disquieting figures with abnormally elongated limbs (often torturous-looking), emotion and bizarre themes that combined Classicism, Christianity, and mythology. The nude, which had been rediscovered during the Early Renaissance, was still present during the Late but, heavens- the poses in which it found itself! Leaving compositional instability out of the picture (pun intended), no human could have maintained positions such as those depicted- clothed or otherwise. Landscapes suffered a similar fate. If the sky in any given scene wasnt a menacing color, it was filled with flying animals, malevolent putti, Grecian columns, or some other unnecessary busy-ness. Or all of the above. Whatever Happened to Michelangelo? Michelangelo, as things turned out, segued nicely into Mannerism. He was flexible, making transitions with his art that dovetailed with the transitions in all of those successive Popes who commissioned his work. Michelangelo had always had a tendency toward the dramatic and emotive in his art, as well as a sort of carelessness toward the human element in his human figures. It probably shouldnt have been surprising, then, to find that restorations of his works in the Sistine Chapel (the ceiling and Last Judgement frescoes) uncovered his use of a rather loud palette of colors. How Long Did the Late Renaissance Last? Depending on whos doing the figuring, Mannerism was en vogue around 80 years (give or take a decade or two). Though it lasted at least twice as long as the High Renaissance, the Late Renaissance got shoved aside, by the Baroque period, fairly quickly (as history goes). Which was a good thing, indeed, for those who are not great lovers of Mannerism- even though it was so distinct from High Renaissance art that it deserves its own name.

Qualifications to Become a Member of the Roman Senate

Qualifications to Become a Member of the Roman Senate In historical fiction members of the Roman Senate or young men who dodge their civic responsibilities but who are senatorial material are rich. Did they have to be? Were there property or other qualifications to become a member of the Roman Senate? The answer to this question is one that I need to repeat more often: Ancient Roman history spanned two millennia and over that time, things changed. Several modern historical fiction mystery writers, like David Wishart, are dealing with the early part of the Imperial Period, known as the Principate. Property Requirements Augustus instituted a property requirement for senators. The sum he set it at was, at first, 400,000 sesterces, but then he raised the requirement to 1,200,000 sesterces. Men who needed help meeting this requirement were at this time given grants. Should they mismanage their funds, they were expected to step down. Prior to Augustus, however, the selection of senators was in the hands of the censors and before the institution of the office of censor, selection was by the people, kings, consuls, or consular tribunes. The senators selected were from the wealthy, and generally from those who had already held a position as magistrate. In the period of the Roman Republic, there were 300 senators, but then Sulla increased their number to 600. Although the tribes selected the original men to fill the added ranks, Sulla increased the magistracies so there would be ex-magistrates in the future to warm the senate benches. Number of Senators When there was a surplus, censors trimmed the excess. Under Julius Caesar and the triumvirs, the number of senators increased, but Augustus brought the number back down to Sullan levels. By the third century A.D. the number may have reached 800-900. Age Requirement Augustus appears to have changed the age at which one could become senator, reducing it from perhaps 32 to 25. Roman Senate References Seating Space in the Roman Senate and the Senatores PedariiLily Ross Taylor and Russell T. ScottTransactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association Vol. 100, (1969), pp. 529-582A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, by Sir William SmithA Summary of the Roman Civil Law, by Patrick Mac Chombaich de Colquhoun

Ismg 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ismg 4 - Essay Example The question whether IT systems is an expense or an asset depends on the business being operated (Austin, Nolan and ODonnell 49). Some businesses need IT systems to help them in running their operations. However, some businesses can do well without IT systems. If IT systems lead to the high cost of a business, then the business should consider the systems as expenses (Austin, Nolan and ODonnell 50). However, if an IT system brings more profit to a firm than when it lacks the system, then the firm should consider the system as an asset. The purpose of cost allocation is to offer relief to shared services in an organization (Austin, Nolan and ODonnell 50). Allocating cost is similar to spreading the cost amongst those who use it. Firms allocate costs in order to assign accountability of those who use the cost, either a single department or numerous departments in the company. For instance, a firm, which offers complex IT systems, can allocate duty to various departments to people who have specialized in specific fields of IT. IT departments should have full control of spending with regards to IT systems. This is because every field of occupation knows best the cost of running their business (Austin, Nolan and ODonnell 51). IT departments should have their own system of administration separate from the whole company. This will enable the department to spend what is appropriate regarding their activities. It will also enable the department to avoid any financial hitches that might face the entire company since they control their own funds (Austin, Nolan and ODonnell 51). However, this is not to mean that the company should not monitor the spending of the department. The overall management should monitor the spending of the IT department to ensure that their spending is in line with the company’s objectives. There should be a percentage cost that an IT department can spend on the maintenance of their IT systems, and this should

Events that change Nations - P4-db Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Events that change Nations - P4-db - Essay Example The lack of conflict and the breakdown of national economies that came in the aftermath of the First World War, forced nations to repair the damage and this is why economic science flourished. As a result, several economic models, theories and principles were introduced. I would cite two important developments that have contributed significantly to the course of modern history: the Keynesian economic tradition; and, the emergence of postwar globalization. The events in 1920s and 1930s such as the high postwar inflation rates, the instability of stock prices, unemployment, tariff dynamics, and so forth occupied John Maynard Keynes and shaped his economic ideas. Keynes was involved in the major events of his time and would be pivotal in the development of modern economic thought afterwards. According to Alan Meltzer (1988), today, if one looks back and examine Keynes works, he or she would be struck by the labored arguments and definitions that are very much applicable today. (p. 18) In reading his works, for instance, we are able to see how Keynes predicted problems, failures, and impending disasters including the possible solutions for governments. The realizations of Keynes’ predictions influenced the modern economic thought and, certainly, his reputation so much so that governments used his ideas to guide their economic policies today. One could see this in the recent policies of British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and US Pr esident Barack Obama in their strategies to rescue their respective economies from current global financial crisis. The second important development during the 1920s and the 1930s was the emergence of globalization. During this period, traces of globalization started to emerge as countries started the initiatives to enforce tariff truce as well as agreement that would regulate quotas and other restrictions. When the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 or Tasca 1934 was enacted by several European

Poverty in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Poverty in America - Essay Example These figures imply that there are about 37 million people well below the poverty threshold as at end-2004. In view of the above, steps on how to alleviate poverty in the country must be efficiently programmed. In order to address the heart of this matter, legislators and private sector should have an understanding of key issues regarding poverty and the poor people in the US. The lives of those people bordering or below the poverty line are controlled by myriad factors which should be taken into consideration. This paper provides an overview of the profile of poor people and discusses how economic and social factors such as availability of job opportunities, prevailing wage levels, single parenthood, level of education, housing, health, mental illness and substance abuse among others affect the poor in America. The poverty line is defined by the Census Bureau as a threshold level of total money income, which includes wages and salaries, self-employment income, interest income, social security and welfare benefits, alimony and unemployment compensation, received by all family members on an annual basis. The threshold set varies depending on the number of adults and children in the family. As at end-2004, a family with two parents and two children required $19,157 to be above poverty line. A family headed by a single parent with two children needed $15,219 to elude poverty. On the other hand, a single elderly person needed $9,060 to answer day-to-day needs. Those who fall within the said levels are deemed poor. (Cadena & Sallee) As mentioned, poverty rate rose to 12.7% in 2004 from 12.5% in 2003. The increase in poverty is attributed to the decrease in real earnings. This means that, although relatively more people who wanted to work had jobs in 2004 than in the previous year, many have earned less after their earnings are adjusted for inflation. (Cadena & Sallee) The median earnings fell by 1.0% and 2.3%, for women and men working full time, respectively. The increase in poverty level is also considered to be concentrated among native-born non-Hispanic white Americans between the ages of 18 and 64. (Cadena & Sallee) Job Opportunities One of the primary factors affecting poor people is the availability of suitable employment. This is vital since it is mainly from the earnings gained from working that people are able to meet their needs and required sustenance. It is observed though that limited job opportunities as well as the prevailing low wages contribute to the persistence of poverty in America ("Hunger and Poverty in the United States"). The minimal wage for unskilled workers and some employment barriers for poor job seekers are deemed to perpetuate poverty (Mangum, Mangum & Sum). Albeit as much as 50% of all those considered living in poverty are actually working, their jobs pay minimal wages barely enough to cover their basic needs and that do not keep up with the rising inflation. In this regard, these people still fall under the poverty line. These conditions are aggravated by the fact that the working people in poverty are not able to receive social welfare benefits from the government as their earnings make them ineligible for government assistance. (Giddens) In order to make ends meet, some people are forced to get an extra job. Given the rising cost of living, one job may not be

Factors That Affect Travel And Tourism

Factors That Affect Travel And Tourism TERM OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Service providers such as restaurants, hotels, motels, inns are classified under the umbrella of the hospitality industry. The hospitality word come from a French word hospice meaning to provide care for travelers from distant countries to feel at home in the county they are visiting. Hospitality industry is growing by day and it span all over the world. 1.2) Advantages Our country Malaysia will gain a lot of advantages from the hospitality industry as this industry will create job opportunities for the country and increases the revenue of the country through tourism. Taking for example the high level or the 4/5 stars hotel like Golden Sand Hotel, having to hire enough man power or part time workers to cater for the increase of tourist. Workers need will be at the Front Desk department and the Housekeeping Department. This not only benefits permanent staff but also those students who need extra income to finance their studies. The hospitality industry is not the only industry which will profit when the numbers for tourist from other countries increases. Every industry players in the country also wants to gain some profit such as when tourist visit a country for a day or more they would have to search for a suitable place to stay. Looking for accommodation one has to assess the purpose of their visit and Traders Hotel is the best choice for business visits. If the tourist visiting a country to relax themselves, then budget hotels and above would be a better choice. Food and Beverage Industry is the second industry which will benefit to earn a large amount of profit. Travellers visiting a country will travel around to find food when hungry. Malaysia food or our local cuisine will be their choice and with this income will be generated for the Food and Beverage Industry. In case any local wishing to operate a restaurant out station, tourist will have to the opportunity to try it and their food will be easily be accepted, Tourist from countries like Gengland, Germany and Japan were impressed to see our beautiful beaches and our historical buildings. The tallest tower in Kuala Lumpur, the Twin Tower will be a great surprise to them as their country does not have such tall tower or structure. They will also tell their friend at home of the magnificence things that Malaysia has offered. Malaysia will create a name for herself when tourist visits Malaysia. With this the hospitality and tourism industry will bloom when the satisfied tourist return to visit. Malaysia Visit Malaysia Year promotion will be permitted to put up posters advertisement on the public transport. Business and trade opportunities will flourish with visitors visiting Malaysia via the Hospitality Industry. They will be captivated by some of the resources that Malaysia can offer such as rubber and tin ore and in return the economy of Malaysia will improve. Science and Technology in countries like America, China and Japan are more advanced than Malaysia who is still slightly behind will gain better knowledge by learning from these advanced countries. The professional and cons of everything. The benefits of the Hospitality Industry are that it will make Malaysia shine but at the same time it will also bring in some disadvantages to our country. 1.3) Disadvantages The increase in crime rate is what we see as the most disadvantages that our country will face. It must be forgotten that al tourist from other countries that apply visa to visit our country comes with good intention. There may be some criminal from other countries coming to Malaysia to escape from the law of their own country. They might commit crimes in our country such as murder, robbery and other things associated with crime. On the other hand, visiting tourist from other countries visiting Malaysia, they will stay in hotels and this in return bring in profits to the lodging Industry. This is good for our country. With the increase in arrival of tourist there might not be enough rooms to cater especially during the peak season. Three or four stars hotel normally does not have a lot of rooms unlike the five star hotels, so the question is where are these travelers going to stay? These day, frequent raids have been conducted on night sport, entertainment outlets, bars and small shady hotel to wipe out foreigners who enter the country on tourist visa as many have exploited their visa by working illegally in the country especially in the night entertainment industry. This has caused a lot of home to break as the men would visit these places frequently, thus divorce rate might increase by 40%. Another factor to be looked into is the policy of the government caught between the two sectors. They might be caught in between upgrading the airport or to build new factories. At times the choice made may not be correct. If upgrading the airport is their choice than the Hospitality and Tourism Industry will flourish and on the other hand they might ignore the development or manufacturing industry. At such the countrys growth will not be in balance. Culture change and beliefs will be another factory that Malaysia needs to address due to the arrival of tourist whereby they will bring in such cultures and beliefs that may not benefit our country. One example is the dressing whereby our youngsters were influence to start wearing western dressing which is short and revealing. Due to all these our conservative nature, old tradition will phase off and soon forgotten. In conclusion, Hospitality Industry needs to be upgraded so as to generate enough income for the countrys development. On the other hand our government needs to put in more effort to preserve the tradition of our country. 2.0) QUESTION 2 Find out the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Explain in detail. 2.1) FACTORS THAT AFFECTING TRAVEL AND TOURISM It is the dream of every country to be listed as the first country one would like to visit for holidays or business. The popularity and so is the economy will be increased when having tourist from other countries. Hoping to draw in more tourists most countries are frequently into ways to develop or improve or upgrade their tourist spots. To further attract tourist promotions and advertisement have to be done often. There are several factors that can have negative effect on the Travel and Tourism Industry which cannot be avoided such as below. Weather Conditions One factor that can deter a tourist from visiting a country is weather which human do not have the capability to combat it since it is the product of nature. If a country encounters extreme bad weather such as a blizzard, heat wave or heavy snow fall off no tourist will want to make that visit. During certain times of the year some countries experience heavy rainfall resulting in floods and that will hamper the tourist to make visits as it will be very inconvenient to do shopping or sightseeing. Natural Disasters Earthquakes or tsunamis are act of god and cannot be controlled by human. During any earthquake occurrence loss of lives, serious damaged to properties and infrastructure will be badly damaged. Taking for example the recent earthquake that hit Japan. All tourists had their booking for the holidays either have their booking cancelled and some opted for change to a safer destination. Disease Outbreaks or Plagues A human brain works better compared to that of animals and that allows us to think logically. In case where there is an outbreak of disease and plague in a country, tourist will avoid making visits to that country. To persuade a tourist to visit a country down with such disaster is not easy especially those who do not want to take any chance of falling ill. No tourist would like to take chances or put their family in danger by going to such affected places no matter how much the visit means to them or for whatever reasons as some disease like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) would be fatal. Countries at War No tourist of sound mind would like to visit a war-torn country. People visiting this war-torn country are mostly journalist sent to cover news of the war and also some who would like to see the suffering of the people of that country. During such period the government of that country is more concern about winning the war and not attracting tourist. In short that very country will no longer have places of attraction or scenic beauty which is safe for tourist from other country to admire or enjoy as lives will be lost daily due to the unrest. Who would like to be caught in the crossfire of the two opposing forces in the country? Economy In times of economic recession people will be more careful in the way their money is spent. Saving money will be their main agenda and the money they will spend will be concentrated on food instead of other shopping. Even though there is a need to have a break they will go to a places nearer to home where they do not have to pay accommodation charges or other charges which were increased to cushion the inflation by staying in hotels for a day or two. Tourist will also be discouraged to travel until such time when the recession is over. Season The kind of holidays and the climate suitable is the decision tourist takes in consideration when planning their holidays. Some tourists prefer to visit countries during winter to enjoy the snow and also winter sports. Older people prefer to go to countries to enjoy the sunshine because most of the older people dislike cold and freezing places. Family with children will definitely look towards holidays in places where they can share the fun with their children in theme parks like Sunway Lagoon and etc. Insufficient Promotions or Advertisements Tourist will not take chances to visit places that they are not well informed about the people, country and sceneries. They might not be able to visualize if the country they are visiting lives up to their expectation. In conclusion, a country well maintained free from diseases, minimal crime rate, good economy and free from war is the most preferred destination a tourist would look forward to.

Buddhism: The 4 noble truths Essay -- Buddhist Buddha essays research

Buddhism’s Four Noble Truths Siddharta Gautama was twenty-nine years old when he abandoned his family to search for a means to bring to an end his and other’s suffering after studying meditation for many years. At age thirty-five, Siddharta Gautama sat down under the shade of a fig tree to meditate and he determined to meditate until he reached enlightenment. After seven weeks he received the Great Enlightenment which he referred to as the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold Path. Henceforth he became known as the Buddha. In The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching, Thich Nhat Hanh provides a citation from the Buddha, which gives insight into the cure of our distress. â€Å"I teach only suffering and the transformation of suffering† (Thich Nhat Hanh 3). When we recognize and acknowledge our own suffering, the Buddha, which is present in everyone, will look at it, discover what has brought it about, and prescribe a course of action that can transform it into peace, joy, and liberation. Suffering is the means the Buddha used to liberate himself, and it is also the means by which we can become free. The teachings of the Buddha revolve around this central tenant known as the "Four Noble Truths". The Four Noble Truths represent the basis of the Buddha's teaching and form the central foundation of Buddhism. Historically, Lord Buddha preached on these topics during his first public commentary following his enlightenment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Noble Truth states that "Life is Dukkha." Dukkha, in English â€Å"suffering", exists, even that this is the natural and universal state of beings. To live, one must suffer because it is an inevitable part of life, which one cannot avoid. All beings must endure physical suffering as well as enduring psychological suffering the form of many human emotions. Human beings are subject to impermanence and uncertainty which very often, causes us to associate with things that are unpleasant and disassociate with things that are pleasant. This may seem a bit cynical and may suggest to many individuals that Buddhism is a dismal, fatalistic religion yet it just implies we must accept the good with the bad. Buddha’s first noble truth is a statement that can obviously not be denied. In The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching, the author provides insight into the truth of suffering. â€Å"To succeed in the practice, we must stop trying to prove that everything i... ...aintain ourselves clearly on all planes of existence. 8. Right Concentration, samyak samahdi, by establishing and maintaining our focus of appearance, manifestation and being through appropriate concentration, usually named as meditation, dhyana, we are grounded in our unfolding actuality. This is the threshold of Nirvana, to develop the eye of wisdom. Anyone and everyone can achieve the highest goal in Buddhism. All one need to do is to make an honest effort to follow the Noble Eightfold Path. It is said that those who have reached enlightenment, like Buddha Shakyamuni and his disciples took much work to attain that state of mind; it was not accidental. The Buddha and his disciples were once ordinary people, afflicted by the impurities of the mind, desire, ill-will and ignorance. It was through contacting the Dharma and purifying their words, thoughts and deeds. These individuals developed their minds and acquired wisdom so they became exalted beings able to teach and help others to realize the truth. If one applies themselves to the teachings of the Buddha, attainment of the ultimate goal of Buddhism, the goal of liberation, the everlasting bliss of Nirvana can be achieved.

Logistical and dramatic factors to be decided upon in a production of Philadelphia Essay

Friel raises issues, explores them to a certain degree. However the end is left open. The play â€Å"Philadelphia, Here I Come!† is both realistic as it presents real life situation, but also expressionistic, trying to dig into Gar’s subconscious. Gar has a choice to make, ultimatum that could vary depending if S.B. was to reveal his true emotions towards his son. Gar lacks the same attribute as his father; the ability to communicate with one another. Gar also failed to make an oral impression on Katie’s father in the past and this element cost him her hand in marriage. We are presented with Private Gar and Public Gar on the stage. Public Gar is the Gar that people see, talk to and talk about. Private Gar is the unseen character, the alter ego of our main hero. Although Public Gar is the only person that can hear Private talk he never looks at him, he cannot look at his alter ego. On stage two characters play Public and Private. One utters what is acceptable and the other utters what he’d really like to say if he wasn’t so inhabited. The central struggle is not between the public and private but between Gar both private and public and his father S.B. Apples don’t fall far from the tree, also outlined in the play by Madge who describes them as â€Å"two peas† that way Gar and S.B. are very similar, they are both afraid and embarrassed of expressing themselves emotionally. Neither one of them wants to look soft nor weak in front of one another, being emotionless proves their masculinity. Gar cannot think straight talking to his father, he contradicts with his thoughts and feels awkward just like he did asking Katie’s parents for her hand in marriage. Eventually we are taken back in time via flashback where we see Gar and Katie in love, they are planning to get married although Gar doesn’t earn enough to support them both, he is afraid to ask S.B. for a rise. Friel made a very deep and realistic attempt to present an ordinary Irish family and problems they are faced with, lack of money in the sixties and most importantly the overdose of masculinity which leads to lack of communication between father and son, issue that may occur in many people’s lives. Music is used to outline the mood changes and current flow of emotions of certain characters; Gar uses a turntable to present his mood and eventually gets frustrated and changes the record to a much more dynamic track, this way author presents the emotions of characters to the audience. The piece of music seems to suggest anxiety, change, and excitement – all emotions that Gar is feeling at that particular moment. This way Brial Friel attempts to dig into Gar’s subconscious. There is a nearly institutional quality to the shades of green, and the dim overhead lighting focuses attention in the central spaces over the kitchen table and Gar’s bed in the two rooms of the split set. Almost everything happens round the kitchen table, Gar’s friends drink and talk, S.B. plays a game with Cannon, Gar talk to S.B. about irrelevant stuff. The entire play happens within twenty-four hours and we are reminded of it throughout by the highlighted clock in the kitchen and clamorous sounds of the clock ticking in between the events. This way, Friel wants to point out the inner conflict of our main hero of the play, his time is running out and eventually, it will be for him to decide whether he leaves for Philadelphia or stays in Ballybeg. This is a play about finding one’s place in the world wherever that might be. Madge clears out some of the unresolved issues by telling us how Gar’s mother died and that S.B. in fact does have feelings but is unable to show them in public, it buggers him and he couldn’t get any sleep the night before Gar’s departure â€Å"It must have been near daybreak when he got to sleep last night†. Even though Gar’s new career in Philadelphia is meant to give him a new life, with lots of money and anything he would have ever wished for. Madge sees this as a way of escaping from Ballybeg and most importantly his father, â€Å"and when he’s the age of the boss, he’ll turn out just the same. And although I won’t be there to see it, you’ll find he’s learned nothing in between time†. Another important relationship is the one between Gar and Katie; they were in a serious relationship when they were younger. Her Father, Senator Doogan refused for them to marry after Gar miserably failed to make a positive verbal impression on Katie’s father. This scene is presented with a flashback where Gar’s mind flows back in time to that particular event. Kathy and Gar are happy together in his vision, Private Gar sarcastically responds to Kathy’s concerns about their possible future and money issues, â€Å"(imitating) how will we live?† Gar often repeated Edmond Burke’s speech on French Revolution â€Å"It is now sixteen or seventeen years since I saw the Queen of France, then the Dauphiness, at Versailles† he eventually realises that all this time he has been thinking about Kathy Doogan, this way Friel dug deep inside Gar’s subconscious by revealing his repression of emotions. In the end we don’t know whether he leaves for Philadelphia or stays in Ballybeg. Friel decided to keep the ending opened it’s for us to figure out whether he has any reason to leave or perhaps stay. In conclusion, Friel uses many stage directions to connect the audience with the characters. He presents us with Private Gar, alter ego that raises many concerns about his inner feelings, which we wouldn’t know about if Friel was to use just Public Gar. Flashback is presented to show previous events from the past in order to get deeper understanding of Gar. Music is outlined in the play to show Gar’s current emotions and their change for example we can tell his mood changes as he decides to play a much faster song. The entire play happens within twenty-four and we are reminded of it by the highlighted clock in the kitchen and clamorous sounds of it in between the scenes. Issue of the lack of communication between Gar and S.B. never gets resolved; we can tell that both of the characters suffer, as they’d like to express themselves. In the end with an open ending and not much gets resolved. It’s up to the reader to put the events in order and make personal judgement on the possible outcomes that may have resulted in the play.