Perils Of Hope - Analysis :: essays research papers

Analysis of "Peril of Hope" 	 	The poem "Peril of Hope," by Robert Frost is about having hope. The poem speaks about no matter how things are one minute they can always change. Hope, however, is constantly there and will always be there to help get through the tough times until things get better. 	Imagery is used throughout this poem to help describe the extent of the boundaries of hope. Hope has endless boundaries in this poem it goes from one extreme to the next. In the first stanza (lines1-4), the poet describes a late fall scene just before winter when all the leaves have already fallen off of the trees. But in the same stanza, he also depicts a beautiful spring day just after all the leaves have come out before all the blossoms appear on the orchard trees. Frost does this to show the extremes in which hope can be found. The second and third stanzas reiterate the same thing as the first four lines but in a more vivid way using color images and images off a frosty morning that brings a chill to the readers spine. 	"Peril of Hope," has a definite from. It is set up in a quatrain form with three stanzas. The poem has a rhyme scheme ABAB, with the last word of every other line rhyming, such as, lines one and three , there and bare, and also lines two and four, between and green. Lines one, two, and four in every stanza all have five syllables, and line three only has four. The poems lines have a stressed syllable followed by a unstressed syllable. 	The name of the poem has little significance to the meaning of the poem. There is nothing connecting the poem to the title, except the common theme of hope. The title implies that in having hope a person could put themselves in some type of danger of expecting too much. But, the poem just talks about where and when a person may find hope, which could be anytime and anywhere.

Research Fraud in Allegra Goodman’s Intuition and Carl Djerassi’s Canto

Inspiring a 2002 feature film in which Leonardo DiCaprio portrays him, Frank William Abagnale, Jr. is arguably one of the most memorable fraudsters of our time. Abagnale assumed several different identities and forged checks worth millions of dollars. This type of fraud, known as financial fraud, is what many people first think of when the word â€Å"fraud† is mentioned. There are, however, other definitions of the word. One area of particular interest to us is the use of fraud in the field of science and research. This is an issue in both Allegra Goodman’s Intuition and in Carl Djerassi’s Cantor’s Dilemma. In both novels, the characters sort of skirt around the issue (at least at first) as this is a very taboo topic no matter the subject area. However, not all scientific fraud is created equal. Goodman seems to use a much more conventional approach by demonstrating outright fraud, while Djerassi, who is more privy to the real world that sc ientists face, gives us a more subtle view. Intuition’s Cliff Bannaker and Cantor’s Dilemma’s Jeremiah â€Å"Jerry† Stafford were both expected to yield results in the experiments that they conducted. Pressures existed to complete and publish the results before other labs could do the same and, thus, be credited with the discovery. Because both scientists were working at smaller labs with fewer employees and a smaller budget, time was a very important factor in any decision that was made. Long, sleepless days and weeks went by for these men and I can only assume that this, coupled with the pressure they experienced from their superiors, contributed to the way that they dealt with problems that arose in the course of the experiments. Jerry snuck in to the laboratory to correct an er... ...detrimental effects on cancer patients who are being treated with the supposed new working method. Not to mention the possible psychological pain the false results could give them in which they think there is a new miracle cure for their condition and they gain hope which is dashed when they realize that it does not actually work. Scientific fraud is unethical, as all fraud is, and should obviously not be committed by anyone. Even ex-con Frank Abagnale, Jr. was eventually caught and now runs a financial fraud consulting company and is a consultant for the Federal Bureau of Investigations. Cliff and Stafford both move on with their individual lives after the incident and, I am sure, did not commit fraud again (as is the case with Abignale). Only an idiot or a crazy person would try to commit the same crime for which they have already been caught a second time.

Ethnographic Paper :: essays papers

Ethnographic Paper The Pleasure of Pain These days anything can be considered art. The structure of a building, the human body, music on the radio, love, Versaci’s new line of winter, and pretty transvestites walking down the street are just a few of hundreds of thousands of examples. That kind of art is overrated. Most of these only exist because of society. As people grow and change so does the values and traditions that they are accustomed to. True art hangs on the walls of museums all over the world. Paintings by Monet, Da Vinci, and Picasso represent all that can be made beautiful by a man’s touch. The word tattoo comes from the Tahitian word tattau, which means ‘to tap,’ and can be traced back through a part of history. The art of tattoos has been evident since ancient Egypt and more than 1,500 years ago the Japanese marked criminals as a symbol of shame for their punishment (Britannica, 2000). In the nineteenth century tattoos were viewed as frightful and grotesque, but as the twentieth c entury rolled by technology gave way to the trend. The electric needle created a sense of precision and control. This is how the various designs developed and tattooing became more about expression, rather than branding. It is a guarantee that tattoo and piercing artists can be found by the thousands in a metropolitan city. Their form of art may be simpler to an extent, but it has been growing in popularity for years. By using the body as a gateway for expression, people can present themselves in a new light, and as a mean for recreating their image. The concept of transferring art on paper to the body for the mere purpose of self-pleasure is attracting all types of people. It is impossible to walk through a mall without spotting people of all ages with this type of branding. â€Å" Young adults have accepted this practice as a normal part of their culture. You can’t escape it.† Says Walter Hewitt, who recently completed a 19-school study on tattoos and piercing (Vogel, 2000). There are big ones, small ones, tasteful ones, tacky ones, and probably some temporary ones, and because tattooing is forever and also carries a mental heath risk known as regret, the decision to get one shouldn’t be taken lightly. The customer is very vulnerable when entering a tattoo and piercing parlor, because all their trust for a good product is put in the hands of the artist.

Childrens Crying Patterns Clinical Assessment Health And Social Care Essay

Abstraction:Materials and Methods: Children in the age group 4-9 old ages were divided into Group1: ( 40 kids ) and Group 2: ( 60 kids ) and their calls were recorded utilizing a picture camera. Different calls analyzed were frightened, hurting, obstinate, manipulative and boredom call on the footing of their description in the literature. Group I was subjected to detailed clinical scrutiny and Group II to assorted dental processs. Consequences: The most normally observed call was pain call. Pain call was largely associated with dento-alveolar abscess. With regard to dental processs, pain call was normally associated with usage of inject able AIDSs, frightened call and compensatory call with the usage of alveolar consonant drill. Decision: Cries could be agencies of communicating and plus in clinical diagnosing. Cardinal words: hurting call, frightened call, compensatory call, stubborn call, ennui call, manipulative call.Introduction: –Since birth, the babes have a communicative purpose and the call is the chief manner they use to show their demands and feelings to their health professionals ( 6 ) . Harmonizing to Adler the first call represents an â€Å" overpowering sense of lower status at therefore all of a sudden being confronted by world without of all time holding had to cover with its jobs. â€Å" ( 1 ) this feeling at least serves a utile map in air outing lungs. Another psychologist wrote that shouting at birth represents the baby ‘s loss of Eden ( 2 ) . Shouting, like other emotional manifestations of human behaviour is an look of personality of an person. Crying is apt to be the consequence of struggle with the developing self-importance and with his freshly found involvements. Many cryings are the consequence of injuring kid ‘s pride. After the age of one and a half kid develops a assortment of frights and calls for the security of his female parent ‘s company. In the instance of a younger kid, the frequence of shouting depends on his personality. Excessive weeping is about ever due to mismanagement, in the signifier of failure to give the kid the love and the security which he needs and failure to let him to larn independency and pattern his freshly found accomplishments. It is increased by changeless interference-by perfectionism, inordinate subject, domination and efforts to ‘train him before he is really ready ( 3 ) . It is increased by insecurity, whatever the cause. It is increased by crossness and wearines s. Factors which govern the sum of shouting include the female parent ‘s personality and her reactivity to his demands and kid ‘s personality and his finding to command his environment. Treating a weeping kid is one of the most nerve-racking state of affairss encountered in dental medicine. Previous plants have demonstrated that using signal processing techniques to analyse the sound of these calls, its possible determinate which features carry information about the context that evoked the call ( 4 ) . Since kids exhibit diverseness of behaviours, it is of import that tooth doctors have a broad scope of behavior direction methods to run into the demands of the single kid ( 5 ) . For that purpose a diagnosing is needed. Since weeping is a manner of look of the personality traits, the weeping should be used as an plus in diagnosing. Following types of calls are normally encountered in the dental office. Pain call: This call begins all of a sudden nonstop and unmanageable and is high-pitched and shrill. The call is loud and long Frightened call: This call is characterized by a crisp shrilled highly high pitched call followed by little breath catching shortness of breath followed by a crisp shrilled highly high pitched call Obstinate call: it is loud high pitched & amp ; characterized as a Siren like lament, a intermission and repeated over and over once more. This forms a combatant call, represents the child external response to anxiety.child throws a pique fit to queer dental intervention. Compensatory call: Slow humdrum call, the shouting serves to â€Å" counterbalance † for the noise.its sort of get bying mechanism to unpleasant stimulations. Manipulative call: a characteristic characteristic of kids, they cry for understanding and acquire off by shouting and whining. Boredom call: a call that is fretful and whimpering ; sometimes it about sounds like a moanThis call Michigans suddenly when the intervention Michigans. In a dental clinic a kid may non merely cry out of fright, but out of true hurting, anxiousness or he may shout merely to acquire off with the intervention, in this survey we evaluated the call of the kid patients and carbon monoxide related it to their clinical diagnosing and the usage of dental instruments.Materials and methods:This survey was planned in the section of Pedodontics and preventative dental medicine. The survey was carried out in two parts in two groups of kids. Children under both the groups were in the age group of 5 to 9 old ages. Group I included 40 kids with no old dental experience and were selected from the patients who came for their first dental visit. For the group II 60 kids were selected and divided into six sub groups of 10 each.children of this group were selected based on their intervention demands and divided into bomber groups which were based on processs undertaken, viz. injection of local anaesthesia, usage of alveolar consonant drill, crisp instrum ents, root canal instruments, doing of I.O.P.A and drawn-out assignments. Consent was obtained from patient ‘s parents or defender of both the groups, along with brief medical and dental history of the patient. GROUP I: -Thorough clinical scrutiny was done and the diagnosing was made.patients call was recorded during the scrutiny and was so co-related to the diagnosing obtained. GROUP II: -for the bomber group 1, kids necessitating either extraction or endodontic intervention of lower primary molar/s were injected inferior alveolar block and the call was recorded during disposal. For the bomber group 2 call was recorded during the mush ablation and filing of the root canals of deciduous grinders. For the bomber group 3 patient with occlusal dentinal cavities with moderate deepnesss were selected for category I cavity readying with air rotor and the call was recorded during the pit readying. for the bomber group 4 call was recorded during the usage of crisp instruments like excavators during cavities digging, usage of forceps during extraction and the usage of scalers during unwritten prophylaxis.sub group 5 included patients necessitating preoperative diagnostic I.O.P.A for posterior dentitions and the call was recorded during the exposure.sub group 6 included the process of anterior composite rosin Restoration ( no tooth readying ) of at least 2-4 dentition s carried out in individual assignment which lasted for minimal 1 hour.cry was recorded during the assignment. Each call recorded with audio ocular camera.cry was evaluated and classified into any of the six types mentioned antecedently, by an expert. Consequences GROUP I: – Postpone A ) Type of call N ( % ) Pain call 17 ( 45.0 % ) Frightened call 15 ( 37.5 % ) Obstinate call 06 ( 15.0 % ) Compensatory call 00 ( 0.0 % ) Manipulative call 00 ( 0.0 % ) Boredom call 02 ( 2.5 % ) entire 40 ( 100 % ) Table B ) call cavities Chronic pulpitis Dento-alveolar abscess Periapical abscess Traumatic hurt Apical periodontal disease others Everyday check-up entire hurting 3 4 5 3–2––17 frightened 3 3 2 1 1–1 4 15 obstinate 2 2––––1 1 06 compensatory––––––––00 manipulative––––––––00 ennui 2–––––––02 entire 10 09 07 04 01 02 02 05 40 GROUP II Postpone A ) call injections Endodontic instruments Dental drill Crisp instruments Drawn-out assignments radiogram Sum ; hurting 3 3 2 4 1 3 16 frightened 6 3 3 2–5 19 obstinate 1 1 2–1 2 07 compensatory––3 1 2–06 manipulative–2–1 3–06 ennui–1–2 3–06 entire 10 10 10 10 10 10 60 GROUP I Postpone A ) : -out of 40 kids examined most often recorded call was pain call ( 45 % ) , followed by scared call, stubborn call and ennui cry.manipulative and compensatory call was non observed during initial scrutiny. Table B ) : -out of 40 kids examined, 10 kids were enduring from dental caries.most normally observed call in relation to dental cavities was hurting and frightened ( three kids each ) .nine kids were diagnosed with chronic irreversible pulpitis with the head complain tooth.this pathosis was most normally associated with hurting call ( four kids ) .dentoalveolar abscess was diagnosed in seven kids out of forty.majority of these kids ( five ) had pain cry.four kids were diagnosed with periapical abscess and out of them three kids had hurting cry.one kid with traumatic hurt had frightened cry.two instances of apical periodontal disease were diagnosed and both of them were related to trouble cry.other alveolar consonant jobs were associated with scared and stubborn cry.routine dental cheque ups were largely associated with scared call. GROUP II Table B ) : -out of 60 kids examined most normally observed call was frightened call, followed by hurting cry.out of 10 kids subjected to injections, bulk ( six kids ) cried out of fear.out of 10 kids subjected to endodontic instrumentality, most of the kids cried out of fright and hurting ( three each ) , in the group of 10 subjected to utilize of alveolar consonant drill compensatory and frightened call was observed upper limit ( three each ) .hand instrumentality was largely associated with hurting cry.lengthy assignments was largely associated with ennui and manipulative call. Discussion: – The most normally ascertained call during the initial scrutiny was hurting or ache call accounting for 45 % .this was expected because most of the patients were brought to the section with the main complain of hurting. Following normally observed call was frightened call. Studies suggest a multifactorial etiology of dental fright and anxiousness ( 7 ) . Associated factors are related to a kid ‘s fear temperament, negative emotions, hurting sensitiveness, and get bying manner, with the later being related to parental attitudes, negative information, and painful experiences ( 8,9 ) .although we selected patients with no old dental experience, yet parent ‘s old dental experience was non taken into history. Obstinate call was characteristically observed in kids exhibiting pique fits. Temper fits were normally observed in active, determined kids with abundant energy and non in placid, easy-going chidren.in kernel fits represent the clang of the kid ‘s developing personal ity with the will of his parents. His increasing desire to demo his powers, to derive attending and to hold his ain manner gets him into problem, peculiarly when his parents are perfectionists and of tyrannizing type ( 10 ) . Boredom call was the consequence of long waiting period patient had to face before the initial scrutiny because of the inaccessibility of the physician. With regard to the diagnosing, dental abscess was most normally associated with hurting call. Because of the age group selected that is 4-9 year, most of the abscesses encountered were dento-alveolar abscesses associated with deciduous grinders. Out of 40 kids examined we encountered merely 4 periapical abscess, out of which 3 were associated with hurting call. Thus writer feels that periapical abscess excessively is every bit strongly associated with hurting call. Dental cavities and its association with call is variable, scared and pain call were every bit related to cavities every bit Wellss as obstinate call was besides recorded in the patient enduring from the dental caries.Pain is natural in deep cavities nearing mush. Reason for the fright in the kid with the dental cavities is chiefly because of the invasive intervention that would be undertaken for the remedy of the caries.Obstinate call could be due to feeling of insecurity where the kid considers the dental visit as a pena lty instead than a need.cry in a kid who had Ellis category II break was evaluated as scared call. Breath catching shortness of breath, the feature of scared call are seen n he kids when they experience pain as from a autumn or knock or fright. Apical periodontal disease was associated with hurting call as the hurting was produced on even on soft tapping of the dentitions with instrument handle.cry related to routine look into up and every bit good as other jobs like enamel stains ‘ and hypoplasia, orthodontic malalignment and malocclusions were chiefly of scared type. This could be attributed to dental phobia.one patient who had come for everyday alveolar consonant look into up exhibited obstinate call and threw temper fits. The kid was accompanied by female parent who was over protective and over indulgent sort. Often the inordinate intervention with the kid ‘s normal chases by the parent ( female parent ) because of perfectionism is met by rebellion. Temper fit is the best defence reaction against such a repression. A barbarous circle is set up, the opposition being met with more repression and the repression by more opposition ( 11,12 ) . Another kid with minor crowding in anterior dentitions exhibited obstinate call which could be attributed to personality trait. Most normally ascertained call in kids enduring from chronic pulpitis was hurting call followed by scared call and obstinate call severally. Dull longstanding hurting is frequently associated with chronic pulpitis which is exaggerated on examining for the deepness of the lesion. Fear once more could be attributed to dental phobic disorder or the fright of the invasive intervention that would be coming up. With regard to the usage of dental instruments, injection of local anaesthesia was most normally associated with scared call. Based on invasiveness of the intervention, processs can be ranged and the strongest frights are caused due to injection, followed by the drill and the remotion of the concretion. ( 13 ) hurting call was besides observed during injections. Pain is natural when acerate leaf penetrates the mucous membrane ( 14 ) .obstinate call during the injection could be because, the kid considers injection as a penalty to him. Use of endodontic instruments viz. barbed broochs for ablation of the mush, followed by K files for canal expansion, was normally associated with scared and pain call. Pain was felt even after the disposal of local anaesthesia in some instances, in such instances intra pulpal anaesthesia was given after entering of the call. Fear was attributed to the sight of broochs and files as they resemble to little acerate leafs. Boredom call was besides associate d in some instances with the usage of endodontic instruments because it was a drawn-out process. Dental drill is one of the most normally feared objects and hence it was normally associated with scared call. Another call normally associated with the usage of alveolar consonant drill was compensatory call. This could be attributed to annoyed kids ‘s effort to get the better of the noise and the pandemonium. Pain during boring could be attributed to dentinal sensitiveness and hence it produced hurting call ( 15 ) .cry recorded during usage of crisp instruments viz. scalers, forceps and excavators was largely related to trouble followed by fright. Most of the kids were scared of forceps and objected its usage.hand digging was more normally associated with hurting call and in some instances, although there was no hurting, but yet the process was clip devouring so the kids got fatigued and this resulted in ennui and manipulative call. Compensatory call during this process could bes ides be attributed to the kid ‘s effort to get the better of the unpleasant, clip devouring dental state of affairs. Anterior Restorations were largely related to manipulative and boredom calls because this process was clip consuming, doing the kids tired, fatigued and ungratified. Pain during this process observed in one instance could be reasoned as jaw hurting since the kid had to maintain oral cavity unfastened for a long period. Frightened and stubborn call was less ascertained may be because kids were already conditioned since cavities digging was already completed and they knew that â€Å" now teeth were merely to be filled! â€Å" While doing radiograms, most normally observed call was frightened call as kids were dying about the full exposure unit, particularly the cone. Pain call could be attributed to discomfort during the arrangement of films.obstinate call is more related to personality trait of the kid.

Presidential Election of 1828 Essay

A rematch between two bitter rivals, Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams, the presidential election of 1828 was highlighted by the split of electoral votes in New York and Maryland. Andrew Jackson had swept through the west, gaining every single state, and even got Pennsylvania. The winner from the election of 1824 by the ‘corrupt’ bargain, John Q. Adams, had gained the support of all the northeast states. However, the real surprise was the split electoral votes in Maryland and New York. The northern states loved Adams because he favored elites and their manufacturing industries. The south and west favored Jackson because he believed in equal opportunity for any citizen of the United States of America. Two states, Maryland and New York, did not give all their electoral votes to either Adams or Jackson, but were divided equally among the two. The reason for this split was both states were divided into districts that all had one vote. These districts could settle on who they wanted to give their electoral vote to. In every single other state, the electoral votes were decided upon by the state legislature, and once decided, all the electoral votes would be given to one candidate. However, in lone New York, the whole state could back Adams, but if one small self-sufficient farmer district wanted Jackson, then they could award their one electoral vote exclusively for him. So, if there was a dispute in states with a system like New York, the electoral vote could be split. The split between these two states showed how divided and diverse one state could be. If one little district went against the majority, it changes where the electoral votes are distributed, and can thus change the outcome of the election. New York and Maryland proved that one little group can make a large difference. These small changes made the election of 1828 unique, and actually exemplified how dissimilar one state’s people could be.

Human motivation Essay

In studying human motivation, one of the key concepts includes the notion of needs and drives which may be the spring boards of actions or behavior. In line with these, efforts were exerted to look into the possible link of control of one’s impulsivity and certain critical behaviors that may affect any individual undertaking, his normal development through life’s stages, and possibilities of disorders or problems with the person’s overall functioning (Baumeister et al. ; Mischel et al, 1989). There is an offshoot of these studies (Hom and Knight, 1996) which highlights delayed gratification and the advantages of individuals who understand either by training or by serendipitous circumstances the rationality of their choices. Delaying the gratification of certain desires at the present entails certain calculations of the possible effects of these options at a certain point in the future. It involves the understanding of â€Å"profiting† from what the self is deprived of at the present to secure a better output or outcome in the near future. According to studies, a person who has been reared to control many of the urges to satisfy immediate needs or wants, may reap immense benefits in terms of significant life choices; choices that spell longevity (living physically healthy), prospect of better income, and healthier relationships. There are various reasons offered why this is so, but more often, the results of these choices to delay gratification oftentimes reveal the benefits; otherwise, when immediate satisfaction is allowed in most cases, the awareness of detrimental effects becomes a stark reality. The issue pertains to persistence, control, character development, cementing of values that enables a person to become an asset rather than become a liability to one’s community. Implications of a person’s ability to delay his or her immediate gratification (because of the prospect of more favorable results later) include responsibility over his/her actions and decisions and thereby increasing awareness of consequences including those which not only impact his/her own survival but also the effects of his/her decisions and actions to the people around (Mischel et al, 1989). References: 1. Baumeister, Roy, Brandon Schmeichel,Kathleen Vohs. Self-regulation and the Executive function: The Self as controlling agent. Accessed October 13, 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:qpSCcMZijV0J:www. csom. umn. edu/assets/71708. pdf+Explain+the+value+and+importance+of+delayed+gratification+in+human+motivation&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=46&gl=ph 2. Hom, Harry, Jr. Heather Knight, 1996. Delay of Gratification: Mothers’ Predictions about Four Attentional Techniques; Journal of Genetic Psychology, Vol. 157. 3. Mischel, W. , Shoda, Y. & Rodriguez, M. L. 1989. Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933-938.

Causes of World War 1

The Causes of World War I World War I is essentially much more complicated and complex than a simple list of causes. While there was a series of events that directly led to the fighting, the actual origin causes are much deeper and a part of continual debate and discussion. Ultimately, countries all over Europe made joint defense agreements that would pull them into battle. Therefore, if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: * Russia and Serbia. * Germany and Austria-Hungary. France and Russia. * Britain and France and Belgium. * Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, in which Russia got involved in to defend Serbia. Germany, seeing Russia rallying, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium, pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Afterwards, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies. Imperialism is when a country boosts their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control.Before World War I, Africa and parts of Asia were points of controversy amongst the European countries. This was particularly true because of the raw resources these areas could provide. The growing competition and want for greater empires led to an increase in disagreement that helped press on the world into World War I. As the world got into the 20th century, an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period.Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war. Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Au stria-Hungary, but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power.The instantaneous cause of World War I that made all the aforementioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary. This was in objection to Austria-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to gather together due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia.Thus began the expansion of the war to inc lude all those involved in the mutual defense alliances. Works Cited: * Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. * Duffy, Michael. â€Å"Firstworldwar. com. †Ã‚  First World War. com. 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 22 May 2012. . * â€Å"World War One – Causes. †Ã‚  Causes of World War One. Historyonthenet. Web. 22 May 2012. . * â€Å"What Really Caused World War 1? †Ã‚  WW1. Web. 22 May 2012. . Causes of World War 1 The Causes of World War I World War I is essentially much more complicated and complex than a simple list of causes. While there was a series of events that directly led to the fighting, the actual origin causes are much deeper and a part of continual debate and discussion. Ultimately, countries all over Europe made joint defense agreements that would pull them into battle. Therefore, if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: * Russia and Serbia. * Germany and Austria-Hungary. France and Russia. * Britain and France and Belgium. * Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, in which Russia got involved in to defend Serbia. Germany, seeing Russia rallying, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium, pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Afterwards, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies. Imperialism is when a country boosts their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control.Before World War I, Africa and parts of Asia were points of controversy amongst the European countries. This was particularly true because of the raw resources these areas could provide. The growing competition and want for greater empires led to an increase in disagreement that helped press on the world into World War I. As the world got into the 20th century, an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period.Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war. Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Au stria-Hungary, but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power.The instantaneous cause of World War I that made all the aforementioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary. This was in objection to Austria-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to gather together due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia.Thus began the expansion of the war to inc lude all those involved in the mutual defense alliances. Works Cited: * Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. * Duffy, Michael. â€Å"Firstworldwar. com. †Ã‚  First World War. com. 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 22 May 2012. . * â€Å"World War One – Causes. †Ã‚  Causes of World War One. Historyonthenet. Web. 22 May 2012. . * â€Å"What Really Caused World War 1? †Ã‚  WW1. Web. 22 May 2012. .